Imirasire y'imirasire y'intoki, izwi kandi nk'icyuma gifata imirasire, ni igikoresho kigendanwa gikoreshwa mu gupima no kumenya ko hari imirasire mu bidukikije.Ibi bikoresho nibikoresho byingenzi kubanyamwuga bakora mubikorwa nkingufu za kirimbuzi, ubuvuzi, gukurikirana ibidukikije, no gutabara byihutirwa, ndetse nabantu bahangayikishijwe n’imirasire ishobora guterwa.
None, ni gute ametero y'imirasireakazi?Ibi bikoresho bikora bishingiye ku mahame yo kumenya imirasire no gupima.Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa metero yimirasire yintoki, buriwese ukoresha tekinoroji zitandukanye kugirango umenye no gupima imirasire.Ubwoko bumwe busanzwe ni disiketi ya Geiger-Muller (GM), igizwe numuyoboro wuzuye gaze utanga amashanyarazi mugihe imirasire ikorana na molekile ya gaze imbere muri tube.Ubundi bwoko ni disikete ya scintillation, ikoresha kristu itanga urumuri iyo ikubiswe nuduce twinshi.Byongeye kandi, disiketi ya semiconductor, nk'abakoresha silicon cyangwa germanium, nayo ikoreshwa muri metero zikoresha imirasire.
Iyo imirasire ikorana na detector, itanga ikimenyetso noneho gitunganywa kandi kigaragara kuri ecran yigikoresho.Mubisomwa mubisanzwe harimo igipimo cyimishwarara yimirasire, igaragarira mubice nka microsieverts kumasaha (µSv / h), hamwe nigiteranyo cyegeranijwe mugihe runaka.Imirasire yimashini igezweho irashobora kandi gutanga amakuru yubwoko bwimirasire yagaragaye, nka alfa, beta, cyangwa imishwarara ya gamma.
Usibye gutahura no gupima imirasire, metero yimirasire yintoki yagenewe gukoreshwa neza kandi byoroshye.Bafite ibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango bongere imikorere yabo kandi byoroshye gukoresha.Moderi nyinshi zifite igishushanyo mbonera kandi cyoroheje, cyoroshye gutwara no gukora muburyo butandukanye.Bakunze gushyiramo digitale yerekana urwego rwimirasire yigihe-kimwe, kimwe no kumvikanisha amajwi n'amashusho kugirango bamenyeshe umukoresha urwego rwimirasire ishobora guteza akaga.Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitanga ubushobozi bwo kwandikisha amakuru, bigatuma abayikoresha bandika kandi bagasesengura ibipimo byimirasire mugihe.
Porogaramu yaImirasire y'intokibiratandukanye kandi bigari.Mu nganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, ibyo bikoresho bikoreshwa mu kugenzura urugero rw'imirasire mu mashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi, mu bigo by'ubushakashatsi, no mu gihe cyo gutwara ibikoresho bikoresha radiyo.Mu buvuzi, bakoreshwa mu gupima imishwarara mu buryo bwo gufata amashusho no kubungabunga umutekano w'abaganga n'abarwayi.Inzego zishinzwe gukurikirana ibidukikije zikoresha metero zikoresha imirasire kugira ngo isuzume urugero rw'imirasire y’ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu turere twibasiwe n’impanuka za kirimbuzi cyangwa kwanduza radiyo.Byongeye kandi, abatabazi byihutirwa bashingira kuri ibyo bikoresho kugirango basuzume ingaruka ziterwa nimirasire mugihe kibaye nkimpanuka zinganda, impanuka kamere, cyangwa ibikorwa byiterabwoba birimo ibikoresho bya radio.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo metero yimirasire yintoki ari ibikoresho byingenzi byo kumenya no gupima imirasire, ntabwo bisimburwa nuburyo bukwiye bwo kwirinda imirasire hamwe ningamba zo kubarinda.Abakoresha bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa kubijyanye no gukoresha neza ibyo bikoresho kandi bakumva imipaka ya metero yimirasire yintoki ahantu hatandukanye.Byongeye kandi, kalibrasi isanzwe no gufata neza ibikoresho nibyingenzi kugirango hamenyekane ibipimo nyabyo kandi byizewe.
Mu gusoza,Imirasire y'intokiGira uruhare runini mukurinda ingaruka zishobora guterwa nimirasire muburyo butandukanye bwumwuga nu muntu ku giti cye.Ukoresheje tekinoroji igezweho yo gutahura hamwe nibikoresho byorohereza abakoresha, ibyo bikoresho byimuka bifasha abantu nimiryango gukurikirana no guhangana ningaruka ziterwa nimirasire neza.Gusobanukirwa uburyo metero yimirasire ikora hamwe nibisabwa ni ngombwa mugutezimbere umutekano wimirasire no kurengera ubuzima rusange nibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-20-2024