Imirasire itagaragara, inshingano zigaragara
Ku ya 26 Mata 1986, saa 1:23 za mu gitondo, abaturage ba Pripyat mu majyaruguru ya Ukraine bakanguwe n'urusaku rwinshi. Imashini nimero ya 4 y’uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi Chernobyl yaturitse, toni 50 za lisansi ya kirimbuzi ihita ihumeka, irekura inshuro 400 imirasire ya bombe atomike ya Hiroshima. Abakora ku ruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi hamwe n’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro ba mbere bahageze bahuye na 30.000 roentgens y’imishwarara yica ku isaha nta kurinda - na roentgene 400 zinjizwa n’umubiri w’umuntu zirahagije kugira ngo zihitane.
Iki cyago cyatangije impanuka ikomeye ya kirimbuzi mumateka yabantu. Abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro 28 bapfuye bazize indwara ikabije y’imirasire mu mezi atatu yakurikiye. Bapfuye bafite ububabare bukabije bafite uruhu rwirabura, ibisebe byo mu kanwa, no guta umusatsi. Nyuma yamasaha 36 impanuka ibaye, abaturage 130.000 bahatiwe kwimura amazu yabo.
Nyuma yimyaka 25, ku ya 11 Werurwe 2011, intandaro y’uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi Fukushima Daiichi mu Buyapani rwashonze muri tsunami yatewe n’umutingito. Umuhengeri ufite uburebure bwa metero 14 wamennye inyanja, hanyuma reakteri eshatu ziraturika umwe umwe, na teriyeri 180 za cesium ya radiyoyasi 137 yahise isuka mu nyanja ya pasifika. Kugeza magingo aya, uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi ruracyabika metero zirenga miliyoni 1.2 z'amazi y’amazi yangiza radiyo, rukaba inkota ya Damocles yimanitse hejuru y’ibidukikije byo mu nyanja.
Ihahamuka ridakira
Nyuma y'impanuka ya Chernobyl, ubuso bwa kilometero kare 2600 bwahindutse akarere. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko bizatwara imyaka ibihumbi icumi kugira ngo ikureho burundu imirasire ya kirimbuzi muri kariya gace, ndetse uduce tumwe na tumwe dushobora gukenera imyaka 200.000 yo kwezwa kw’ibidukikije kugira ngo abantu babeho.
Nk’uko Umuryango w'Abibumbye ubitangaza, impanuka ya Chernobyl yateje:
Hapfuye abantu 93.000
Abantu 270.000 barwaye indwara nka kanseri
Ibirometero kare 155.000 by'ubutaka byari byanduye
Miliyoni 8.4 z'abantu zatewe n'imirase
Muri Fukushima, nubwo abayobozi bavugaga ko imirasire y’amazi akikije yagabanutse ikagera ku "mutekano", abahanga mu bya siyansi bakomeje kuvumbura izotopi ya radiyo nka karubone 14, cobalt 60 na strontium 90 mu mazi y’amazi yatunganijwe mu mwaka wa 2019. Ibyo bintu bikungahaye cyane ku binyabuzima byo mu nyanja, kandi ubwinshi bwa cobalt 60 mu bishanga by’inyanja bushobora kwiyongera inshuro 300.000.
Iterabwoba ritagaragara hamwe nuburinzi bugaragara
Muri ibi biza, iterabwoba rikomeye rituruka cyane cyane kumirasire itagaragara mumaso yumuntu. Mu minsi ya mbere y’impanuka ya Chernobyl, nta gikoresho na kimwe cyashoboraga gupima neza agaciro k’imirasire, bigatuma abashinzwe ubutabazi batabarika bahura n’imirase yica batabizi.
Naya masomo ababaza niyo yatumye habaho iterambere ryihuse rya tekinoroji yo gukurikirana imirasire. Uyu munsi, ibikoresho byo gukurikirana imirasire yukuri kandi yizewe byahindutse "amaso" n "" amatwi "yumutekano wibikoresho bya kirimbuzi, byubaka inzitizi yikoranabuhanga hagati y’iterabwoba ritagaragara n’umutekano w’abantu.
Inshingano za Shanghai Renji nugukora aya "jisho" yo kurinda umutekano wabantu. Turabizi:
• Ibipimo nyabyo bya microsieverts birashobora kurokora ubuzima
• Igihe cyose kuburira igihe gishobora kwirinda ibiza
• Ibikoresho byose byizewe birinda urugo rwacu
Kuvaibikoresho byo gukurikirana ibidukikije no mukarere to ibikoresho bigenzura imishwarara, kuva mubikoresho byo gupima laboratoire kugeza kubikoresho bisanzwe bya ionizing imirasire, kuva mubikoresho birinda imirasire kugeza kuri porogaramu ikurikirana imirasire, kuva ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa radioactivite yo kumenya imiyoboro y’ibikoresho bya kirimbuzi ndetse n’ibikoresho byo gukurikirana umutekano, umurongo w’ibicuruzwa bya Renji ukubiyemo ibintu byose byo kugenzura umutekano wa kirimbuzi. Ikoranabuhanga ryacu rirashobora kumenya ibintu bike cyane bya radioaktike, kimwe no kumenya neza igitonyanga cyamazi adasanzwe muri pisine isanzwe.
Kuvuka ubwa kabiri ibiza: Ikoranabuhanga ririnda ejo hazaza
Muri zone ya Chernobyl, impyisi yahinduye ingirabuzima fatizo zirwanya kanseri, kandi uburyo bw’ubudahangarwa bwabo bwakoreshejwe mu guteza imbere imiti mishya, byerekana ko ibiza bitera ubwihindurize. Mu gicucu cy’ibiza bya kirimbuzi, guhuza ikoranabuhanga n’inshingano ntabwo byateje igitangaza cyo kurengera ubuzima gusa, ahubwo byanahinduye ejo hazaza h’abantu babana n’imirase. Twizera ko ikoranabuhanga n'inshingano bishobora no gukora ibitangaza byo kurinda ubuzima.
Nyuma y'impanuka ya Fukushima, itsinda mpuzamahanga ry'abahanga ryashyizeho umuyoboro wo gukurikirana imirasire ya Trans-Pasifika. Binyuze mu bikoresho byoroshye byo gutahura, inzira zo gukwirakwiza cesium 134 na cesium 137 zarakurikiranwe, zitanga amakuru y'agaciro mu bushakashatsi ku bidukikije bwo mu nyanja. Uyu mwuka wubufatanye bwisi yose no kurinda ikoranabuhanga nukuri agaciro gashyigikiwe na Renji.
Icyerekezo cya Shanghai Renji kirasobanutse: guhinduka ishusho y’ibidukikije bishya mu rwego rwo kumenya imirasire. "Gukorera sosiyete siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga no gushyiraho ibidukikije bishya birinda umutekano" ni inshingano zacu.
Koresha uburyo bwose bwo gukoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi umutekano kandi ucungwa, kandi utume ibyago byose byimirasire bigaragara. Ntabwo dutanga ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo tunatanga ibisubizo byuzuye kuva kubikurikirana kugeza kubisesengura, kugirango tekinoroji ya kirimbuzi ishobora kugirira abantu akamaro mumutekano.
Byanditswe ku musozo
Ibiza bya kirimbuzi byamateka biratuburira: ingufu za kirimbuzi ninkota yinkota ebyiri. Gusa hamwe n'ubwoba n'ingabo ya tekinoroji dushobora gukoresha imbaraga zayo.
Kuruhande rw'amatongo ya Chernobyl, ishyamba rishya rirakura cyane. Ku nkombe ya Fukushima, abarobyi bongeye guta inshundura zabo zo kuroba. Intambwe yose abantu batera mu byago ntaho itandukaniye no kubahiriza umutekano no kwizera ikoranabuhanga.
Shanghai Renji yiteguye kuba umurinzi muri uru rugendo rurerure - kubaka umurongo wumutekano ufite ibikoresho nyabyo no kurengera icyubahiro cyubuzima hamwe nudushya tudatezuka. Kuberako buri gupima miliroentgen bitwara kubaha ubuzima; guceceka kwi mpuruza ni ugushimira ubwenge bwabantu.
Imirasire ntigaragara, ariko kurinda imipaka!
Imirasire itagaragara, inshingano zigaragara
Ku ya 26 Mata 1986, saa 1:23 za mu gitondo, abaturage ba Pripyat mu majyaruguru ya Ukraine bakanguwe n'urusaku rwinshi. Imashini nimero ya 4 y’uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi Chernobyl yaturitse, toni 50 za lisansi ya kirimbuzi ihita ihumeka, irekura inshuro 400 imirasire ya bombe atomike ya Hiroshima. Abakora ku ruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi hamwe n’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro ba mbere bahageze bahuye na 30.000 roentgens y’imishwarara yica ku isaha nta kurinda - na roentgene 400 zinjizwa n’umubiri w’umuntu zirahagije kugira ngo zihitane.
Iki cyago cyatangije impanuka ikomeye ya kirimbuzi mumateka yabantu. Abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro 28 bapfuye bazize indwara ikabije y’imirasire mu mezi atatu yakurikiye. Bapfuye bafite ububabare bukabije bafite uruhu rwirabura, ibisebe byo mu kanwa, no guta umusatsi. Nyuma yamasaha 36 impanuka ibaye, abaturage 130.000 bahatiwe kwimura amazu yabo.
Nyuma yimyaka 25, ku ya 11 Werurwe 2011, intandaro y’uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi Fukushima Daiichi mu Buyapani rwashonze muri tsunami yatewe n’umutingito. Umuhengeri ufite uburebure bwa metero 14 wamennye inyanja, hanyuma reakteri eshatu ziraturika umwe umwe, na teriyeri 180 za cesium ya radiyoyasi 137 yahise isuka mu nyanja ya pasifika. Kugeza magingo aya, uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi ruracyabika metero zirenga miliyoni 1.2 z'amazi y’amazi yangiza radiyo, rukaba inkota ya Damocles yimanitse hejuru y’ibidukikije byo mu nyanja.
Ihahamuka ridakira
Nyuma y'impanuka ya Chernobyl, ubuso bwa kilometero kare 2600 bwahindutse akarere. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko bizatwara imyaka ibihumbi icumi kugira ngo ikureho burundu imirasire ya kirimbuzi muri kariya gace, ndetse uduce tumwe na tumwe dushobora gukenera imyaka 200.000 yo kwezwa kw’ibidukikije kugira ngo abantu babeho.
Nk’uko Umuryango w'Abibumbye ubitangaza, impanuka ya Chernobyl yateje:
Hapfuye abantu 93.000
Abantu 270.000 barwaye indwara nka kanseri
Ibirometero kare 155.000 by'ubutaka byari byanduye
Miliyoni 8.4 z'abantu zatewe n'imirase
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-20-2025