Ku ya 24 Kanama, Ubuyapani bwafunguye isohoka ry’amazi yanduye yandujwe n’impanuka ya kirimbuzi ya Fukushima mu nyanja ya pasifika. Kugeza ubu, hashingiwe ku makuru rusange ya TEPCO muri Kamena 2023, umwanda wateguwe gusohora urimo ahanini: ibikorwa bya H-3 ni 1.4 x10⁵Bq / L; ibikorwa bya C-14 ni 14 Bq / L; I-129 ni 2 Bq / L; ibikorwa bya Co-60, Sr-90, Y-90, Tc-99, Sb-125, Te-125m na Cs-137 ni 0.1-1 Bq / L. Ni muri urwo rwego, ntabwo twibanda kuri tritium gusa mu mazi y’imyanda ya kirimbuzi, ahubwo tunibanda ku ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’izindi radionuclide. TepCO yerekanye gusa α hamwe namakuru yose yibikorwa bya radiyo yibikorwa byamazi yanduye, kandi ntiyagaragaje amakuru yibanze ya nuclide ya ultra-uranium ifite ubumara bukabije nka Np-237, Pu-239, Pu-240, Am-240, Am-241, Am-243 na Cm-242, nayo ikaba ari imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye z’umutekano w’amazi yanduye mu kirere.
Guhumanya imirasire y’ibidukikije ni umwanda uhishe, nibimara gukorwa bizagira ingaruka mbi kubaturanyi. Byongeye kandi, niba ibinyabuzima cyangwa ibinyabuzima bikwirakwiza isoko ya radiyoyoka byandujwe na radionuclide, birashobora kwanduzwa kuva kurwego rwo hasi bikagera murwego rwo hejuru binyuze murwego rwibiryo kandi bigahora bikungahaye muburyo bwo kwanduza. Iyo imyuka ihumanya radiyo yinjiye mumubiri wumuntu binyuze mubiryo, irashobora kwirundanya mumubiri wumuntu, ishobora kugira ingaruka kubuzima bwabantu.
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda ingaruka ziterwa n’imirasire y’abaturage no kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage ku buryo bugaragara, "Amahame mpuzamahanga y’umutekano mpuzamahanga yo kurinda imirasire n’umutekano w’imirasire" ateganya ko inzego zibishinzwe zishyiraho urwego rwerekeranye na radionuclide mu biribwa.
Mu Bushinwa, hashyizweho ibipimo bifatika kugira ngo hamenyekane radionuclide nyinshi. Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu kumenya ibintu bikoresha radiyo mu biribwa birimo GB 14883.1 ~ 10- -2016 "Igipimo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa: Kugena ibintu bikoresha radiyo mu biribwa" na GB 8538- -
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Uburyo bwo kumenya radionuclide nibikoresho byo gupima ibiryo bisanzwe mubipimo ni ibi bikurikira:
| Gisesengura umushinga | ibikoresho byo gusesengura | Ibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe | bisanzwe |
| α, activity ibikorwa rusange | Inyuma yo hasi α, β konte | GB / T5750. | |
| tritium | Hasi-yinyuma ya flux scintillation compte | Igikoresho cyo gutegura Organotritium-karubone; Igikoresho cyo gukusanya Triitium mumazi; | GB14883 |
| Strontium-89 na strontium-90 | Inyuma yo hasi α, β konte | GB14883.3-2016 Kugena Strr-89 na Strr-90 murwego rwigihugu rushinzwe umutekano wibiribwa | |
| Adventitia-147 | Inyuma yo hasi α, β konte | GB14883.4-2016 Kumenya ibintu bya radiyo ikora mubiribwa-147, Igipimo cyigihugu cyo kwihaza mu biribwa | |
| Polonium-210 | α Kugaragaza | Imyanda y'amashanyarazi | GB 14883.5-2016 Kumenya Polonium-210 murwego rwigihugu rushinzwe umutekano wibiribwa |
| Rum-226 na radium-228 | Isesengura rya Radon Thorium | GB 14883.6-2016 Ibipimo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa mu gihugu | |
| Torium karemano na uranium | Spectrophotometer, shakisha uranium | GB 14883.7-2016 Kumenya Thorium Kamere na Uranium nkibikoresho bya radiyoyasi murwego rwigihugu rushinzwe umutekano wibiribwa | |
| Plutonium-239, plutonium-24 | α Kugaragaza | Imyanda y'amashanyarazi | GB 14883.8-2016 Kumenya plutonium-239 na plutonium-240 ibintu byangiza radio murwego rwigihugu rushinzwe umutekano wibiribwa |
| Iyode-131 | Germanium yera cyane γ spectrometer | GB 14883.9-2016 Kugena Iyode-131 mu biribwa, Igipimo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa |
ibicuruzwa
ibikoresho byo gupima
Hasi yinyuma αβ konte
Ikirango: imashini yintoki
Umubare w'icyitegererezo: RJ 41-4F
Umwirondoro wibicuruzwa:
Ubwoko bwimyororokere yo hasi α, instrument igikoresho cyo gupima gikoreshwa cyane cyane kuburugero rwibidukikije, kurinda imirasire, ubuvuzi nubuzima, siyanse yubuhinzi, kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya, uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi n’indi mirima mu mazi, ingero z’ibinyabuzima, aerosol, ibiryo, ubuvuzi, ubutaka, urutare n’ibindi bitangazamakuru byose hamwe α byose hamwe.
Ikirindiro cyinshi cyikingira mucyumba cyo gupimwa cyerekana inyuma cyane, gukora neza cyane kubikorwa bya radiyo ntoya, kandi imiyoboro 2,4,6,8,10 irashobora gutegurwa.
Germanium-yera cyane γ ingufu za spekrometero
Ikirango: imashini yintoki
Umubare w'icyitegererezo: RJ 46
Umwirondoro wibicuruzwa:
RJ. Ikirangantego gikoresha ibice byasomwe uburyo bwo kubona imbaraga (amplitude) hamwe namakuru yigihe cyo gusohora ibimenyetso bya deteri ya HPGe hanyuma ukabibika.
α Kugaragaza
Ikirango: imashini yintoki
Umubare w'icyitegererezo: RJ 49
Umwirondoro wibicuruzwa:
Ikoreshwa rya Alpha ingufu za spekitroscopi yo gupima nibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane mugusuzuma ibidukikije nubuzima (nko gupima thorium aerosol, kugenzura ibiryo, ubuzima bwabantu, nibindi), ubushakashatsi bwumutungo (ubutare bwa uranium, peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, nibindi) hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiterere ya geologiya (nkumutungo wamazi yubutaka, ubutaka bwa geologiya) nibindi bice.
RJ 494-umuyoboro wa Alpha spectrometer nigikoresho cya PIPS semiconductor igikoresho cyigenga cyakozwe na Shanghai Renji Instrument Co., Ltd. Ikirangantego gifite imiyoboro ine α, imwe murimwe ishobora gupimirwa icyarimwe, ishobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyibigeragezo kandi ikabona vuba ibisubizo byubushakashatsi.
Hasi-yinyuma ya flux scintillation compte
Ikirango: HIDEX
Umubare w'icyitegererezo: 300SL-L
Umwirondoro wibicuruzwa:
Isukari ya Liquid scintillation ni ubwoko bwibikoresho byunvikana cyane bikoreshwa mugupima neza radiyo ikora α na uc nuclide mubitangazamakuru byamazi, nka tritium ya radioitike, karubone-14, iyode-129, strontium-90, ruthenium-106 nizindi nuclide.
Isesengura ry'amazi
Ikirango: PYLON
Icyitegererezo: AB7
Umwirondoro wibicuruzwa:
Pylon AB7 Portable Radiological Monitor nigisekuru kizaza cyibikoresho byo murwego rwa laboratoire bitanga ibipimo byihuse kandi byukuri byibirimo bya radon.
Ibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe
Igikoresho cyo gukusanya Triitium mumazi
Ikirango: Yi Xing
Umubare w'icyitegererezo: ECTW-1
Umwirondoro wibicuruzwa:
Ubwinshi bwa tritium mu mazi yo mu nyanja ni buke, ndetse nibikoresho byiza byo gutahura ntibishobora gupimwa, kubwibyo, ingero zifite amateka mabi zigomba kwitegura, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kwibanda kuri electrolysis.Ikusanyirizo rya ECTW-1 tritium electrolytike ikorwa nisosiyete yacu ikoreshwa cyane cyane muburyo bwa electrolytique ya tritium mumazi yo murwego rwo hasi, ishobora guteranya urugero rwa tritium munsi yumupaka wa flux flash yamashanyarazi kugeza igihe ishobora gupimwa neza.
Organotritium-karubone igikoresho cyo gutegura
Ikirango: Yi Xing
Umubare w'icyitegererezo: OTCS11 / 3
Umwirondoro wibicuruzwa:
OTCS11 / 3 Ibikoresho bya tritiyumu ya tritium ya karubone ikoresha ihame ryintangarugero kama munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa okiside yubushyuhe mukirere cya aerobic yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango habeho amazi na dioxyde de carbone, kugirango hamenyekane umusaruro wa tritium na karubone-14 mubitegererezo byibinyabuzima, byoroshye kuvurwa nyuma, konte ya scintillation yo gupima ibikorwa bya tritium na karubone-14.
Imyanda y'amashanyarazi
Ikirango: Yi Xing
Umubare w'icyitegererezo: RWD-02
Umwirondoro wibicuruzwa:
RWD-02 ni α spectrometer yakozwe na Shanghai Yixing Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd ishingiye kumyaka y'uburambe bwo kwitegura. Yashizweho mugutegura ingero zisesengura ryingufu za α ingufu, kandi ikwiranye nubuvuzi bwa kirimbuzi nubushakashatsi bwa radioisotope hamwe nubushakashatsi.
α spectrometer nimwe mubikoresho byingenzi bya laboratoire isesengura imirasire kandi irashobora gusesengura nuclide hamwe na α kubora. Niba ari ngombwa kubona ibisubizo nyabyo byo gusesengura, intambwe yingenzi cyane ni ugukora ingero. RWD-02 electrodeposition er iroroshye gukora, yoroshya cyane inzira yo gukora icyitegererezo, gukora ingero ebyiri icyarimwe no kunoza imikorere yo gutegura icyitegererezo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-31-2023