Gukurikirana imirasire nikintu gikomeye cyo kurinda umutekano mubidukikije aho imirasire ya ionizing ihari. Imirasire ya Ionizing, ikubiyemo imirasire ya gamma itangwa na isotopi nka cesium-137, itera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima, bisaba uburyo bwiza bwo gukurikirana. Iyi ngingo irasobanura amahame nuburyo bwo gukurikirana imirasire, yibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa, na bimweradiationmonitoringdevicesbikunze gukoreshwa.
Gusobanukirwa Imirasire n'ingaruka zayo
Imirasire ya Ionizing irangwa nubushobozi bwayo bwo kuvana electroni zifunze cyane kuri atome, biganisha ku gukora uduce duto duto cyangwa ion. Iyi nzira irashobora kwangiza ingirangingo z'ibinyabuzima, zishobora kuvamo syndrome ikaze cyangwa ingaruka z'ubuzima bw'igihe kirekire nka kanseri. Kubwibyo rero, gukurikirana urwego rw'imirasire ni ngombwa ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ibigo nderabuzima, amashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi, ndetse no kugenzura umutekano ku mipaka.
Amahame yo gukurikirana imirasire
Ihame ryibanze ryo gukurikirana imirasire ikubiyemo kumenya no kugereranya ahari imirasire ya ionizing mubidukikije runaka. Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe ibikoresho bitandukanye bisubiza ubwoko butandukanye bwimirasire, harimo uduce twa alfa, uduce twa beta, imirasire ya gamma, na neutron. Guhitamo detector biterwa na progaramu yihariye nubwoko bwimirasire ikurikiranwa.
Imashini zikoreshwa mugukurikirana imirasire
1. Amashanyarazi ya plastike:
Scintillator ya plastike ni disikete zitandukanye zishobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukurikirana imirasire. Kamere yabo yoroheje kandi iramba ituma ibera ibikoresho byoroshye. Iyo imishwarara ya gamma ikorana na scintillator, itanga urumuri rwumucyo rushobora kumenyekana no kugereranywa. Uyu mutungo utuma hakurikiranwa neza urwego rwimirasire mugihe nyacyo, bigatuma amashanyarazi ya plastike ahitamo muriRPMSisitemu.
2. He-3 Igereranya rya Gazi:
Igipimo cya gazi ya He-3 yagenewe umwihariko wo kumenya neutron. Ikora yuzuza icyumba gaze ya helium-3, yunvikana imikoranire ya neutron. Iyo neutron igonganye na helium-3 nucleus, itanga ibice byashizwemo ionize gaze, biganisha ku kimenyetso cyamashanyarazi gipima. Ubu bwoko bwa detector nibyingenzi mubidukikije aho imirasire ya neutron ihangayikishije, nkibikoresho bya kirimbuzi na laboratoire zubushakashatsi.
3. Detector ya Sodium Iodide (NaI):
Disiketi ya Sodium ikoreshwa cyane mugukoresha gamma-ray spectroscopy no kumenya nuclide. Izi disiketi zakozwe muri kristu ya sodiumi iyode ikozwe na thallium, itanga urumuri iyo imirasire ya gamma ikorana na kristu. Itara ryasohotse noneho rihindurwa mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi, bituma habaho kumenya isotopi yihariye ishingiye kumasinya yabo. Ibyuma bya NaI bifite agaciro cyane mubisabwa bisaba kumenya neza ibikoresho bya radio.
4. Geiger-Müller (GM) Kubara Tube:
Imiyoboro ya GM iri mubikoresho bisanzwe byo gutabaza bikoreshwa mugukurikirana imirasire. Zifite akamaro mukumenya X-imirasire nimirasire ya gamma. Umuyoboro wa GM ukora ionisiyasi ya gaze mumiyoboro iyo imirasire inyuze muri yo, bikavamo impanuka yumuriro wamashanyarazi. Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane muri dosimetero yumuntu hamwe na metero yubushakashatsi bwakozwe, bitanga ibitekerezo byihuse kurwego rwimirasire.
Gukenera Gukurikirana Imirasire Mubuzima bwa buri munsi
Gukurikirana imirasire ntibigarukira gusa kubikoresho byihariye; ni igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Kuba hari imirasire yimiterere karemano, hamwe ninkomoko yubukorikori ituruka mubikorwa byubuvuzi hamwe ninganda zikoreshwa mu nganda, bisaba guhora bikurikiranwa kugirango umutekano rusange ube. Ibibuga byindege, ibyambu, n’ibikorwa bya gasutamo bifite uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura imirasire kugira ngo birinde gutwara ibintu bitemewe na radiyo, bityo bikarengera abaturage n’ibidukikije.
MubisanzweUsedRadiationMonitoringDevices
1. Umugenzuzi w'Imirasire (RPM):
RPMni sisitemu ihanitse yagenewe kugenzurwa nigihe nyacyo cyo kugenzura imirasire ya gamma na neutron. Bikunze gushyirwaho aho binjirira nkibibuga byindege, ibyambu, hamwe na gasutamo kugirango bamenye gutwara ibintu bitemewe na radio. Ubusanzwe RPM ikoresha scintillator nini nini cyane, ikora neza mugutahura imirasire ya gamma bitewe nubushobozi bwayo bukabije nigihe cyo gusubiza vuba. Igikorwa cya scintillation kirimo gusohora urumuri mugihe imirasire ikorana nibikoresho bya pulasitike, hanyuma igahinduka ikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi kugirango isesengurwe.Ikindi kandi, imiyoboro ya neutron hamwe na deteri ya sodium iodide irashobora gushyirwaho mubikoresho kugirango ikore imirimo yinyongera.
2. Igikoresho cyo Kumenyekanisha Radioisotope (RIID):
(RIID)ni igikoresho cyo gukurikirana kirimbuzi gishingiye kuri deteri ya sodium iodide hamwe na tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji. Iki gikoresho gihuza icyuma cya sodium iode (potasiyumu nkeya), gitanga gusa ibipimo by’ibidukikije bihwanye no gutahura inkomoko ya radiyo, ariko kandi bikanamenyekanisha nuclide nyinshi zikoreshwa na radiyo.
3.Dosimeter Yumuntu Yumuntu (EPD):
Dosimeter yumuntuni igikoresho cyoroshye, gishobora kwifashishwa mugukurikirana imirasire yagenewe abakozi bakora mubishobora kuba byangiza radio. Mubisanzwe ukoresha icyuma gipima Geiger-Müller (GM), ibintu bito bito bituma umuntu yambara igihe kirekire kugirango akurikirane igihe nyacyo cyo gukwirakwiza imishwarara hamwe nigipimo cyinshi. Iyo imenyekanisha rirenze igipimo cyateganijwe, igikoresho gihita kiburira uwambaye, kikabereka ko bahunze ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.
Umwanzuro
Muri make, gukurikirana imirasire nigikorwa cyingenzi gikoresha ibyuma bitandukanye kugirango umutekano ubungabungwe aho imirasire ya ionizing ihari. Ikoreshwa rya Monitori ya Radiyo, ibyuma bya pulasitiki, ibyuma bya gazi ya He-3, ibyuma bya sodium iodide, hamwe na kaburimbo ya GM byerekana uburyo butandukanye buboneka mu gutahura no kugereranya imirasire. Gusobanukirwa amahame n'ikoranabuhanga bikurikirana gukurikirana imirasire ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga ubuzima rusange no kubungabunga amahame y’umutekano mu nzego zitandukanye. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, imikorere nubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo gukurikirana imirasire nta gushidikanya bizatera imbere, bizarushaho kongera ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutahura no guhangana n’iterabwoba ry’imirasire mu gihe gikwiye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-24-2025