Ubwoko bwimirasire Imirasire idafite ionizing
Ingero zimwe z'imirasire idafite ionizing ni urumuri rugaragara, imiraba ya radio, na microwave (Infographic: Adriana Vargas / IAEA)
Imirasire idafite ionizing ni imirasire yingufu nkeya idafite ingufu zihagije zo gutandukanya electron na atome cyangwa molekile, haba mubintu cyangwa ibinyabuzima.Nyamara, imbaraga zayo zirashobora gutuma izo molekile zinyeganyega bityo zikabyara ubushyuhe.Nuburyo, nkurugero, uburyo amashyiga ya microwave akora.
Ku bantu benshi, imirasire idafite ionizing ntabwo ibangamira ubuzima bwabo.Nyamara, abakozi bahura buri gihe ninkomoko yimirasire idafite ionisiyoneri barashobora gukenera ingamba zidasanzwe zo kwirinda, urugero, ubushyuhe butangwa.
Izindi ngero zimwe zimirasire idafite ionizing zirimo imirongo ya radio numucyo ugaragara.Umucyo ugaragara ni ubwoko bwimirasire idafite ionizing ijisho ryumuntu rishobora kubona.Kandi imiraba ya radiyo ni ubwoko bwimirasire idafite ionisiyoneri itagaragara mumaso yacu nibindi byumviro, ariko birashobora gucishwa kumaradiyo gakondo.
Imirasire ya Ionizing
Ingero zimwe z'imirasire ya ionizing zirimo ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura kanseri ukoresheje imirasire ya gamma, X-imirasire, n'imirasire iva mu bikoresho bya radiyoyakoreshejwe bikoreshwa mu mashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi (Infographic: Adriana Vargas / IAEA)
Imirasire ya Ionizing ni ubwoko bwimirasire yingufu zingirakamaro kuburyo ishobora gutandukanya electron na atome cyangwa molekile, zitera impinduka kurwego rwa atome mugihe zikorana nibintu birimo ibinyabuzima.Ihinduka nkiryo risanzwe ririmo kubyara ion (atome cyangwa molekile zikoresha amashanyarazi) - niyo mpamvu ijambo "ionizing" imirasire.
Mugihe kinini, imirasire ya ionizing irashobora kwangiza selile cyangwa ingingo mumibiri yacu cyangwa bigatera urupfu.Mu mikoreshereze ikwiye na dosiye kandi hamwe ningamba zikenewe zo gukingira, ubu bwoko bwimirasire bufite akamaro kanini, nko mu gutanga ingufu, mu nganda, mu bushakashatsi no mu gusuzuma indwara no kuvura indwara zitandukanye, nka kanseri.Mu gihe amabwiriza yo gukoresha amasoko y’imirasire no gukingira imirasire ari inshingano z’igihugu, IAEA itanga inkunga ku badepite n’abashinzwe kugenzura binyuze mu buryo bunoze bw’amahame mpuzamahanga y’umutekano agamije kurinda abakozi n’abarwayi ndetse n’abaturage ndetse n’ibidukikije aho bishoboka. ingaruka mbi ziterwa nimirasire.
Imirasire idafite ionizing na ionizing ifite uburebure butandukanye bwumuraba, bifitanye isano itaziguye ningufu zayo.(Infographic: Adriana Vargas / IAEA).
Ubumenyi bwihishe inyuma ya radiyoyoka hamwe nimirasire yabyo
Inzira ya atome ya radio ikora neza irekura uduce ningufu byitwa "kwangirika kwa radio".(Infographic: Adriana Vargas / IAEA)
Imirasire ya Ionizing irashobora guturuka, kurugero,atome idahindagurika (radioaktiw)nkuko barimo guhinduka muburyo butajegajega mugihe barekura ingufu.
Atome nyinshi kwisi zirahagaze, cyane cyane bitewe nuburinganire buringaniye kandi buhamye bwibice (neutron na proton) hagati yabo (cyangwa nucleus).Nyamara, mubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa atome zidahindagurika, ibigize umubare wa proton na neutron muri nucleus yabo ntibibemerera gufata ibyo bice hamwe.Bene ayo atome adahwitse yitwa "atome ya radio".Iyo atome ya radio yangirika, irekura ingufu muburyo bwimirasire ya ionizing (urugero: uduce twa alfa, uduce twa beta, imirasire ya gamma cyangwa neutron), iyo, iyo ikoreshejwe neza kandi igakoreshwa, ishobora gutanga inyungu zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-11-2022