Ni ubuhe bwoko bukunze kwangirika kuri radio?Nigute dushobora kwirinda ingaruka mbi ziterwa nimirasire ituruka?
Ukurikije ubwoko bwibice cyangwa imiraba nucleus irekura kugirango ihamye, hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwo kwangirika kwa radio biganisha kumirasire ya ionizing.Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara ni alpha ibice, beta ibice, imirasire ya gamma na neutron.
Imirasire ya Alpha
Kubora kwa Alpha (Infographic: A. Vargas / IAEA).
Imirasire ya alfa, nuclei yangirika irekura ibice biremereye, byuzuye neza kugirango bihamye.Ibi bice ntibishobora kwinjira muruhu rwacu kugirango bitere ingaruka kandi birashobora guhagarikwa ukoresheje urupapuro rumwe.
Ariko, niba ibikoresho bisohora alfa byajyanywe mumubiri muguhumeka, kurya, cyangwa kunywa, birashobora kwerekana imyenda yimbere kandi birashobora kwangiza ubuzima.
Americium-241 ni urugero rwa atome yangirika ikoresheje uduce twa alfa, kandi ikoreshwa mu byuma byangiza umwotsi ku isi.
Imirasire ya Beta
Kubora Beta (Infographic: A. Vargas / IAEA).
Imirasire ya beta, nuclei irekura uduce duto (electron) twinjira cyane kuruta uduce twa alfa kandi dushobora kunyura eg, santimetero 1-2 z'amazi, bitewe n'imbaraga zabo.Muri rusange, urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu milimetero nkeya zirashobora guhagarika imirasire ya beta.
Amwe muri atome zidahungabana zisohora imirasire ya beta harimo hydrogen-3 (tritium) na karubone-14.Tritium ikoreshwa, mubindi, mumatara yihutirwa kugirango urugero ibimenyetso bisohoka mwijimye.Ni ukubera ko imirasire ya beta iva muri tritium itera ibikoresho bya fosifori kumurika iyo imirasire ikorana, nta mashanyarazi.Carbone-14 ikoreshwa kuri, kurugero, amatariki ibintu kuva kera.
Imirasire ya gamma
Imirasire ya gamma (Infographic: A. Vargas / IAEA).
Imirasire ya gamma, ifite porogaramu zitandukanye, nko kuvura kanseri, ni imirasire ya electromagnetique, isa na X-ray.Imirasire imwe ya gamma inyura mumubiri wumuntu idateza ibyago, mugihe izindi zinjizwa numubiri kandi zishobora kwangiza.Imbaraga z'imirasire ya gamma zirashobora kugabanuka kurwego rutera ibyago bike kurukuta runini rwa beto cyangwa isasu.Niyo mpamvu inkuta zibyumba byo kuvura radiotherapi mubitaro kubarwayi ba kanseri ari ndende cyane.
Neutrons
Isohora rya kirimbuzi imbere ya reaction ya kirimbuzi ni urugero rw'imikorere ya radiyoyakura iterwa na neutron (Graphic: A. Vargas / IAEA).
Neutrons ni nini nini cyane ni kimwe mu bintu by'ibanze bigize nucleus.Ntibishyurwa bityo ntibitanga ionisation itaziguye.Ariko imikoranire yabo na atome yibintu irashobora kubyara alpha-, beta-, gamma- cyangwa X-imirasire, hanyuma bikavamo ionisation.Neutron irinjira kandi irashobora guhagarikwa gusa nimbaraga nyinshi za beto, amazi cyangwa paraffine.
Neutron irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro muburyo butandukanye, urugero nko mumashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi cyangwa mubitekerezo bya kirimbuzi byatangijwe ningufu zingufu nyinshi mumirasire yihuta.Neutrons irashobora kwerekana isoko yingenzi yimirasire itaziguye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-11-2022